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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 99
Which statement is true regarding the Association Identifier (AID) used in IEEE 802.11 WLANs?
- A. The AID has a maximum value of 2007, and resides in the duration/ID field of a PS-Poll frame.
- B. The client station is assigned an AID value in the 802.11 authentication response frame.
- C. The AID is used by the access point in EDCA mode to reduce duplicate transmissions when sending multicasts.
- D. The AID field is present only in Beacons frames.
- E. The AID has a maximum value of 2048, and is used to uniquely identify a wireless client station associated with an access point.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 100
What should the To DS and From DS flags be to set to in an Association Response frame?
- A. To DS = 1, From DS = 0
- B. To DS = 0, From DS = 0
- C. To DS = 1, From DS = 1
- D. To DS = 0, From DS = 1
Answer: D
Explanation:
The To DS and From DS flags should be set to 0 in an Association Response frame. An Association Response frame is a type of management frame that is transmitted by an AP to accept or reject an association request from a STA. The To DS (To Distribution System) and From DS (From Distribution System) flags are two bits in the Frame Control field of the MAC header that indicate whether a frame is destined for or originated from the DS (Distribution System), which is a system that connects multiple BSSs together. The To DS and From DS flags can have four possible combinations: 00, 01, 10, or 11. For an Association Response frame, which is sent from an AP to a STA within a BSS, both flags should be set to 0.
NEW QUESTION # 101
Where, in a protocol analyzer, would you find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU?
- A. The Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header
- B. A-MPDU flag in the Frame Control Field
- C. A-MPDU flag in the QoS Control Field
- D. The HT Operation Element
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
In a protocol analyzer, you would find an indication that a frame was transmitted as part of an A-MPDU by looking at the Aggregation flag in the Radio Tap Header. The Radio Tap Header is a pseudo-header that is added by some wireless capture devices to provide additional information about the physical layer characteristics of a frame. The Aggregation flag is one of the fields in this header, and it indicates whether the frame belongs to an A-MPDU or not. If the flag is set to 1, it means that the frame is part of an A-MPDU; if it is set to 0, it means that the frame is not part of an A-MPDU . References: CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats andTechnologies, page 303; CWAP-404 Certified Wireless Analysis Professional Study and Reference Guide, Chapter 9: PHY Layer Frame Formats and Technologies, page 304.
NEW QUESTION # 102
What is the function of the PHY Preamble?
- A. Allows the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal
- B. To terminate a conversation between transmitter and receiver
- C. Carries the NDP used in Transmit Beamforming and MU-MIMO
- D. To set the modulation method for the MPDU
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The function of the PHY preamble is to allow the receiver to detect and synchronize with the signal. The PHY preamble is a part of the PPDU that is transmitted before the PHY header and the PSDU. The PHY preamble consists of a series of training fields that help the receiver to adjust its parameters, such as frequency, timing, and gain, to match the incoming signal. The PHY preamble also helps the receiver to estimate the channel conditions and noise level. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 4:
802.11 Physical Layer, page 99-100
NEW QUESTION # 103
Which one of the following is required for Wi-Fi integration in laptop-based Spectrum Analyzer software?
- A. SNMP read credentials to the WLAN controller or APs
- B. A supported WLAN adaptor with a customized driver
- C. A dual radio spectrum analyzer card
- D. Any 802.11 wireless adaptor
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 104
As the WLAN administrator in your organization you are responsible for troubleshooting connection issues. Several STAs are connecting to the network, but are unable to communicate after connection. You suspect a DHCP problem. After capturing traffic on the wired-side of the AP, you want to view only DHCP traffic. What filter in Wireshark can be used for this purpose?
- A. BOOTP
- B. DHCP
- C. DHCPv4
- D. DHCPv6
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 105
Which one of the statements regarding the Frame Control field in an 802.11 MAC header is true?
- A. The Frame Control field contains three sub-fields and eight one-bit flags
- B. The Frame Control field is used to communicate the duration value
- C. Only Control frames have a Frame Control field
- D. The Frame Control field is always set to 0
Answer: D
Explanation:
This field is simply used to indicate which protocol version of 802.11 is being used by the frame.
This is always set to "0"
Reference: https://mrncciew.com/2014/09/27/cwap-mac-header-frame-control/
NEW QUESTION # 106
Which common feature of a Spectrum Analyzer would be the best to help you locate a non-
802.11 interference source?
- A. Waterfall plot
- B. Max hold
- C. Location filter
- D. Device finder
Answer: D
Explanation:
The device finder is a common feature of a spectrum analyzer that helps locate a non-802.11 interference source. The device finder uses a directional antenna to measure the signal strength of a specific frequency or signal source. By pointing the antenna in different directions, the device finder can indicate the direction and distance of the interference source. The device finder can also filter out other signals that are not related to the interference source. The other options are not correct, as they do not help locate a non-802.11 interference source. Max hold and min hold are features that show the maximum and minimum RF power levels over time, respectively.
Location filter is a feature that filters out signals that are not from a specific location or area.
NEW QUESTION # 107
To what data rates can a 5 GHz PHY device shift when changers occur in the signal strength?
- A. 24, 18, 12, 6
- B. 24, 18, 12, 5.5
- C. 24, 18, 11, 2
- D. 11, 5.5, 2, 1
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 108
Which one of the following portions of information is communicated in the PHY Header?
- A. SNR
- B. Date rate
- C. Signal strength
- D. Noise
Answer: B
Explanation:
One of the information that is communicated by bits in the PHY header is data rate. Data rate is the speed at which data is transmitted or received over the wireless medium. Data rate depends on factors such as modulation, coding, channel width, spatial streams, and guard interval. Data rate is indicated by bits in different fields of the PHY header, depending on the type of PPDU (e.g., OFDM, HT, VHT, HE). The receiver uses these bits to determine how to decode and demodulate the rest of the PPDU. The other options are not correct, as they are not communicated by bits in the PHY header. SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), noise, and signal strength are measured by the receiver based on its own capabilities and environment.
NEW QUESTION # 109
You suspect an interfere may exist in a BSS that is experiencing sporadic problems. You want to identify and locate the device. The actual device identify is not known.
What tool should be used for this purpose?
- A. Cable tester
- B. Protocol analyzer
- C. Spectrum analyzer
- D. Throughput tester
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 110
What is an AIFS?
- A. A medium access method introduced by 802.lln, but never implemented
- B. A variable Interframe Space introduced by 802.lie to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories
- C. A form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.lie UP values interpreted from DSCP values
- D. The shortest period of time a STA can sleep
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
An AIFS is a variable interframe space introduced by 802.11e to help prioritize medium access for different Access Categories (ACs). An interframe space is a period of time that a STA (station) has to wait before attempting to access the medium. An AIFS is a type of interframe space that varies depending on the AC of the traffic. An AC is a logical queue that corresponds to a QoS (Quality of Service) level for different types of traffic. There are four ACs defined by 802.11e: AC_VO (Voice), AC_VI (Video), AC_BE (Best Effort), and AC_BK (Background). Each AC has a different AIFSN (Arbitration Interframe Space Number) value, which determines how long it has to wait before attempting to access the medium. A lower AIFSN value means a higher priority and a shorter waiting time. The other options are not correct, as they do not describe what an AIFS is. An AIFS is not a medium access method introduced by 802.11n, but never implemented, as it is part of the 802.11e standard and widely used in QoS-enabled WLANs. An AIFS is not a form of aggregation performed at the PHY layer based on 802.11e UP values interpreted from DSCP values, as aggregation is a technique that combines multiple frames into one larger frame to improve efficiency and throughput, not prioritization or medium access. An AIFS is not the shortest period of time a STA can sleep, as sleeping is a power saving mode that allows a STA to conserve battery power by periodically turning off its radio, not accessing the medium. References: [Wireless Analysis Professional Study Guide CWAP-404], Chapter 7: QoS Analysis, page 194-195
NEW QUESTION # 111
You are considering disabling the data rates of 1, 2, 5.5 and 11 in the 2.4 GHz band.
What advantage might this provide to the networks operating in this band?
- A. The range of the PHY preamble and header will be reduced
- B. The RF signals will not travel as far
- C. The antennas will be able to zero in on the higher data rates better
- D. Frames that must be transmitted at the lowest common data rate can be transmitted at higher data rates after the change
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 112
Which one of the following is required for Wi-Fi integration in laptop-based Spectrum Analyzer software in addition to the spectrum analysis adapter?
- A. A firmware upgrade for the spectrum analysis adapter
- B. SNMP read credentials to the WLAN controller or APs
- C. An 802.11 wireless adaptor
- D. A directional antenna
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
An 802.11 wireless adaptor is required for Wi-Fi integration in laptop-based spectrum analyzer software in addition to the spectrum analysis adapter. The spectrum analysis adapter is a hardware device that captures the RF signals in the wireless environment and sends them to the spectrum analyzer software for analysis and display. The 802.11 wireless adapter is a hardware device that connects the laptop to the wireless network and allows the spectrum analyzer software to correlate the RF data with the Wi-Fi data, such as SSID, channel, and BSSID. This enables the spectrum analyzer software to provide more context and insight into the spectrum activity and its impact on the Wi-Fi network. A firmware upgrade for the spectrum analysis adapter is not required for Wi-Fi integration, but it may be needed to fix bugs or add features to the device. A directional antenna is an antenna that focuses the RF energy in a specific direction and has a high gain and a narrow beamwidth. A directional antenna can be used with a spectrum analysis adapter to pinpoint the location or source of interference or noise in the wireless environment, but it is not required for Wi-Fi integration. SNMP read credentials to the WLAN controller or APs are not required for Wi-Fi integration, but they may be useful for obtaining additional information about the wireless network configuration and performance from the network devices.References:
CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 123 CWAP-404 Objectives, Section 4.2: Integrate Wi-Fi data with spectrum analysis data CWAP-404 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Spectrum Analysis and Troubleshooting, page 131
NEW QUESTION # 113
Why is a high CRC error rate in L2 protocol analysis software NOT always a valid indicator of network performance? (Choose 3)
- A. Layer 2 protocol analysis can only collect and interpret data that is received properly at the MAC layer, and cannot quantify some PHY-layer problems.
- B. If the protocol analysis radio hardware is not located in the same area as intended client devices or APs, its data sampling may not be representative of actual traffic on the network.
- C. If protocol analysis software is not properly configured with frame decryption parameters, it can't accurately calculate a CRC, which includes the encrypted frame body contents.
- D. Radio and antenna hardware used for protocol analysis may not match the receive sensitivity, diversity, MIMO, or antenna gain capabilities of the network WLAN hardware.
Answer: A,B,D
NEW QUESTION # 114
You are attempting to determine timing information within a packet capture of a WLAN protocol analyzer.
What time is used to display the time the packet was captured based on the system clock in the computer?
- A. Relative
- B. Delta
- C. Arrival
- D. Interframe
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 115
Which information elements (IE) are contained in an IEEE 802.11 Probe Request frame?
(Choose 2)
- A. Association ID
- B. Status code
- C. SSID
- D. RSN IE
- E. Supported rates
Answer: C,E
NEW QUESTION # 116
When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, to which portion of the frame is the encryption applied?
- A. Frame body excluding the LLC
- B. The whole MPDU
- C. Frame body and MAC Header
- D. Frame body including the LLC
Answer: D
Explanation:
When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, the encryption is applied to the frame body including the LLCPDU. The LLCPDU (Logical Link Control Protocol Data Unit) is a part of the frame body that contains information such as protocol type, source and destination service access points (SAPs), and control fields. The LLCPDU is added by the LLC (Logical Link Control) sublayer to provide multiplexing and flow control functions for different upper layer protocols. When a data frame is encrypted with WPA2, which uses AES-CCMP as its encryption algorithm, both the payload and the LLCPDU are encrypted as a single unit. The MAC header and FCS are not encrypted, as they are needed for addressing and error detection purposes.
NEW QUESTION # 117
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CWNP CWAP-404 Exam Certification Details:
| Duration | 90 minutes |
| Exam Price | $275 USD |
| Recommended Training | CWAP self-paced training kit, Training Class |
| Exam Code | CWAP-404 CWAP |
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